在使用ESP32-S2的flash加密功能时，预先烧录了主机上的秘钥，然后在主机上使用秘钥预先加密固件后再烧录进ESP32-S2无法运行

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Eltrion
Posts: 12
Joined: Wed May 17, 2023 12:07 pm

在使用ESP32-S2的flash加密功能时，预先烧录了主机上的秘钥，然后在主机上使用秘钥预先加密固件后再烧录进ESP32-S2无法运行

Postby Eltrion » Thu Jan 25, 2024 2:36 pm

我先在主机上自己编写了一个秘钥key.bin，然后将它烧录到ESP32-S2上

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PS D:\ESP-IDF\test\hello_world> D:\ESP-IDF\.espressif\python_env\idf5.1_py3.8_env\Scripts\python.exe D:\ESP-IDF\esp-idf\components\esptool_py\esptool\espefuse.py --port COM22 burn_key BLOCK_KEY0 key.bin XTS_AES_128_KEY  
espefuse.py v4.6.2
Connecting....
Detecting chip type... Unsupported detection protocol, switching and trying again...
Detecting chip type... ESP32-S2

=== Run "burn_key" command ===
Sensitive data will be hidden (see --show-sensitive-info)
Burn keys to blocks:
 - BLOCK_KEY0 -> [?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ??]
        Reversing byte order for AES-XTS hardware peripheral
        'KEY_PURPOSE_0': 'USER' -> 'XTS_AES_128_KEY'.
        Disabling write to 'KEY_PURPOSE_0'.
        Disabling read to key block
        Disabling write to key block


Check all blocks for burn...
idx, BLOCK_NAME,          Conclusion
[00] BLOCK0               is empty, will burn the new value
[04] BLOCK_KEY0           is empty, will burn the new value
.
This is an irreversible operation!
Type 'BURN' (all capitals) to continue.
BURN
BURN BLOCK4  - OK (write block == read block)
BURN BLOCK0  - OK (write block == read block)
Reading updated efuses...
Successful
PS D:\ESP-IDF\test\hello_world>
然后在工程配置中启用flash加密功能，不使用UART安全模式，保留UART下载功能，然后烧录进ESP32-S2，第一次启动能观察到ESP32-S2的加密过程，然后我修改了代码，重新编译后使用key.bin预先加密固件

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PS D:\ESP-IDF\test\hello_world> D:\ESP-IDF\.espressif\python_env\idf5.1_py3.8_env\Scripts\python.exe D:\ESP-IDF\esp-idf\components\esptool_py\esptool\espsecure.py encrypt_flash_data --aes_xts --keyfile key.bin --address 0x10000 --output my-app-ciphertext.bin build/bootloader/bootloader.bin
espsecure.py v4.6.2
Using 256-bit key
PS D:\ESP-IDF\test\hello_world>
然后烧录进ESP32-S2中，接着复位ESP32-S2却无法运行，监视窗口出现如下打印信息

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ESP-ROM:esp32s2-rc4-20191025
Build:Oct 25 2019
rst:0x1 (POWERON),boot:0xf (SPI_FAST_FLASH_BOOT)
invalid header: 0xefa1f13d
invalid header: 0xefa1f13d
invalid header: 0xefa1f13d
invalid header: 0xefa1f13d
invalid header: 0xefa1f13d
invalid header: 0xefa1f13d
invalid header: 0xefa1f13d
invalid header: 0xefa1f13d
invalid header: 0xefa1f13d
invalid header: 0xefa1f13d
invalid header: 0xefa1f13d
invalid header: 0xefa1f13d
invalid header: 0xefa1f13d
接着我读取了ESP32-S2上的eFuse信息

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PS D:\ESP-IDF\test\hello_world> D:\ESP-IDF\.espressif\python_env\idf5.1_py3.8_env\Scripts\python.exe D:\ESP-IDF\esp-idf\components\esptool_py\esptool\espefuse.py -p COM22 summary
espefuse.py v4.6.2
Connecting.............
Detecting chip type... Unsupported detection protocol, switching and trying again...
Detecting chip type... ESP32-S2

=== Run "summary" command ===
EFUSE_NAME (Block) Description  = [Meaningful Value] [Readable/Writeable] (Hex Value)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Calibration fuses:
ADC_CALIB (BLOCK2)                                 4 bit of ADC calibration                           = 0 R/W (0x0)
TEMP_CALIB (BLOCK2)                                Temperature calibration data                       = -5.6000000000000005 R/W (0b100111000)
RTCCALIB_V1IDX_A10H (BLOCK2)                                                                          = 140 R/W (0x8c)
RTCCALIB_V1IDX_A11H (BLOCK2)                                                                          = 138 R/W (0x8a)
RTCCALIB_V1IDX_A12H (BLOCK2)                                                                          = 137 R/W (0x89)
RTCCALIB_V1IDX_A13H (BLOCK2)                                                                          = 133 R/W (0x85)
RTCCALIB_V1IDX_A20H (BLOCK2)                                                                          = 144 R/W (0x90)
RTCCALIB_V1IDX_A21H (BLOCK2)                                                                          = 143 R/W (0x8f)
RTCCALIB_V1IDX_A22H (BLOCK2)                                                                          = 141 R/W (0x8d)
RTCCALIB_V1IDX_A23H (BLOCK2)                                                                          = 141 R/W (0x8d)
RTCCALIB_V1IDX_A10L (BLOCK2)                                                                          = 38 R/W (0b100110)
RTCCALIB_V1IDX_A11L (BLOCK2)                                                                          = 36 R/W (0b100100)
RTCCALIB_V1IDX_A12L (BLOCK2)                                                                          = 35 R/W (0b100011)
RTCCALIB_V1IDX_A13L (BLOCK2)                                                                          = 33 R/W (0b100001)
RTCCALIB_V1IDX_A20L (BLOCK2)                                                                          = 40 R/W (0b101000)
RTCCALIB_V1IDX_A21L (BLOCK2)                                                                          = 38 R/W (0b100110)
RTCCALIB_V1IDX_A22L (BLOCK2)                                                                          = 37 R/W (0b100101)
RTCCALIB_V1IDX_A23L (BLOCK2)                                                                          = 34 R/W (0b100010)

Config fuses:
WR_DIS (BLOCK0)                                    Disable programming of individual eFuses           = 8388868 R/W (0x00800104)
RD_DIS (BLOCK0)                                    Disable reading from BlOCK4-10                     = 1 R/W (0b0000001)
DIS_ICACHE (BLOCK0)                                Set this bit to disable Icache                     = False R/- (0b0)
DIS_DCACHE (BLOCK0)                                Set this bit to disable Dcache                     = False R/- (0b0)
DIS_TWAI (BLOCK0)                                  Set this bit to disable the TWAI Controller functi = False R/- (0b0)
                                                   on
DIS_BOOT_REMAP (BLOCK0)                            Disables capability to Remap RAM to ROM address sp = True R/- (0b1)
                                                   ace
DIS_LEGACY_SPI_BOOT (BLOCK0)                       Set this bit to disable Legacy SPI boot mode       = True R/W (0b1)
UART_PRINT_CHANNEL (BLOCK0)                        Selects the default UART for printing boot message = UART0 R/W (0b0)
                                                   s
UART_PRINT_CONTROL (BLOCK0)                        Set the default UART boot message output mode      = Enable R/W (0b00)
PIN_POWER_SELECTION (BLOCK0)                       Set default power supply for GPIO33-GPIO37; set wh = VDD3P3_CPU R/W (0b0)
                                                   en SPI flash is initialized
BLOCK_USR_DATA (BLOCK3)                            User data
   = 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 R/W
BLOCK_SYS_DATA2 (BLOCK10)                          System data part 2 (reserved)
   = 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 R/W

Flash fuses:
FLASH_TPUW (BLOCK0)                                Configures flash startup delay after SoC power-up; = 0 R/W (0x0)
                                                    in unit of (ms/2). When the value is 15; delay is
                                                    7.5 ms
FLASH_TYPE (BLOCK0)                                SPI flash type                                     = 4 data lines R/W (0b0)
FORCE_SEND_RESUME (BLOCK0)                         If set; forces ROM code to send an SPI flash resum = False R/W (0b0)
                                                   e command during SPI boot
FLASH_VERSION (BLOCK1)                             Flash version                                      = 2 R/W (0x2)

Identity fuses:
BLOCK0_VERSION (BLOCK0)                            BLOCK0 efuse version                               = 0 R/W (0b00)
DISABLE_WAFER_VERSION_MAJOR (BLOCK0)               Disables check of wafer version major              = False R/W (0b0)
DISABLE_BLK_VERSION_MAJOR (BLOCK0)                 Disables check of blk version major                = False R/W (0b0)
WAFER_VERSION_MAJOR (BLOCK1)                       WAFER_VERSION_MAJOR                                = 0 R/W (0b00)
WAFER_VERSION_MINOR_HI (BLOCK1)                    WAFER_VERSION_MINOR most significant bit           = False R/W (0b0)
BLK_VERSION_MAJOR (BLOCK1)                         BLK_VERSION_MAJOR                                  = 0 R/W (0b00)
PSRAM_VERSION (BLOCK1)                             PSRAM version                                      = 0 R/W (0x0)
PKG_VERSION (BLOCK1)                               Package version                                    = 0 R/W (0x0)
WAFER_VERSION_MINOR_LO (BLOCK1)                    WAFER_VERSION_MINOR least significant bits         = 0 R/W (0b000)
OPTIONAL_UNIQUE_ID (BLOCK2)                        Optional unique 128-bit ID
   = 9c 50 0f 91 b0 b3 c0 73 47 61 fc cd b1 ec 13 4d R/W
BLK_VERSION_MINOR (BLOCK2)                         BLK_VERSION_MINOR of BLOCK2                        = ADC calib V1 R/W (0b001)
WAFER_VERSION_MINOR (BLOCK0)                       calc WAFER VERSION MINOR = WAFER_VERSION_MINOR_HI  = 0 R/W (0x0)
                                                   << 3 + WAFER_VERSION_MINOR_LO (read only)

Jtag fuses:
SOFT_DIS_JTAG (BLOCK0)                             Software disables JTAG. When software disabled; JT = False R/- (0b0)
                                                   AG can be activated temporarily by HMAC peripheral
HARD_DIS_JTAG (BLOCK0)                             Hardware disables JTAG permanently                 = True R/- (0b1)

Mac fuses:
MAC (BLOCK1)                                       MAC address
   = 84:f7:03:e0:a3:96 (OK) R/W
CUSTOM_MAC (BLOCK3)                                Custom MAC
   = 00:00:00:00:00:00 (OK) R/W

Security fuses:
DIS_DOWNLOAD_ICACHE (BLOCK0)                       Disables Icache when SoC is in Download mode       = True R/- (0b1)
DIS_DOWNLOAD_DCACHE (BLOCK0)                       Disables Dcache when SoC is in Download mode       = True R/- (0b1)
DIS_FORCE_DOWNLOAD (BLOCK0)                        Set this bit to disable the function that forces c = False R/- (0b0)
                                                   hip into download mode
DIS_DOWNLOAD_MANUAL_ENCRYPT (BLOCK0)               Disables flash encryption when in download boot mo = True R/- (0b1)
                                                   des
SPI_BOOT_CRYPT_CNT (BLOCK0)                        Enables flash encryption when 1 or 3 bits are set  = Enable R/W (0b111)
                                                   and disabled otherwise
SECURE_BOOT_KEY_REVOKE0 (BLOCK0)                   Revoke 1st secure boot key                         = False R/W (0b0)
SECURE_BOOT_KEY_REVOKE1 (BLOCK0)                   Revoke 2nd secure boot key                         = False R/W (0b0)
SECURE_BOOT_KEY_REVOKE2 (BLOCK0)                   Revoke 3rd secure boot key                         = False R/W (0b0)
KEY_PURPOSE_0 (BLOCK0)                             Purpose of KEY0                                    = XTS_AES_128_KEY R/- (0x4)
KEY_PURPOSE_1 (BLOCK0)                             Purpose of KEY1                                    = USER R/W (0x0)
KEY_PURPOSE_2 (BLOCK0)                             Purpose of KEY2                                    = USER R/W (0x0)
KEY_PURPOSE_3 (BLOCK0)                             Purpose of KEY3                                    = USER R/W (0x0)
KEY_PURPOSE_4 (BLOCK0)                             Purpose of KEY4                                    = USER R/W (0x0)
KEY_PURPOSE_5 (BLOCK0)                             Purpose of KEY5                                    = USER R/W (0x0)
SECURE_BOOT_EN (BLOCK0)                            Set this bit to enable secure boot                 = False R/W (0b0)
SECURE_BOOT_AGGRESSIVE_REVOKE (BLOCK0)             Set this bit to enable aggressive secure boot key  = False R/W (0b0)
                                                   revocation mode
DIS_DOWNLOAD_MODE (BLOCK0)                         Set this bit to disable all download boot modes    = False R/W (0b0)
ENABLE_SECURITY_DOWNLOAD (BLOCK0)                  Set this bit to enable secure UART download mode ( = False R/W (0b0)
                                                   read/write flash only)
SECURE_VERSION (BLOCK0)                            Secure version (used by ESP-IDF anti-rollback feat = 0 R/W (0x0000)
                                                   ure)
BLOCK_KEY0 (BLOCK4)
  Purpose: XTS_AES_128_KEY
    Key0 or user data
   = ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? -/-
BLOCK_KEY1 (BLOCK5)
  Purpose: USER
               Key1 or user data
   = 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 R/W
BLOCK_KEY2 (BLOCK6)
  Purpose: USER
               Key2 or user data
   = 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 R/W
BLOCK_KEY3 (BLOCK7)
  Purpose: USER
               Key3 or user data
   = 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 R/W
BLOCK_KEY4 (BLOCK8)
  Purpose: USER
               Key4 or user data
   = 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 R/W
BLOCK_KEY5 (BLOCK9)
  Purpose: USER
               Key5 or user data
   = 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 R/W

Spi Pad fuses:
SPI_PAD_CONFIG_CLK (BLOCK1)                        SPI_PAD_configure CLK                              = 0 R/W (0b000000)
SPI_PAD_CONFIG_Q (BLOCK1)                          SPI_PAD_configure Q(D1)                            = 0 R/W (0b000000)
SPI_PAD_CONFIG_D (BLOCK1)                          SPI_PAD_configure D(D0)                            = 0 R/W (0b000000)
SPI_PAD_CONFIG_CS (BLOCK1)                         SPI_PAD_configure CS                               = 0 R/W (0b000000)
SPI_PAD_CONFIG_HD (BLOCK1)                         SPI_PAD_configure HD(D3)                           = 0 R/W (0b000000)
SPI_PAD_CONFIG_WP (BLOCK1)                         SPI_PAD_configure WP(D2)                           = 0 R/W (0b000000)
SPI_PAD_CONFIG_DQS (BLOCK1)                        SPI_PAD_configure DQS                              = 0 R/W (0b000000)
SPI_PAD_CONFIG_D4 (BLOCK1)                         SPI_PAD_configure D4                               = 0 R/W (0b000000)
SPI_PAD_CONFIG_D5 (BLOCK1)                         SPI_PAD_configure D5                               = 0 R/W (0b000000)
SPI_PAD_CONFIG_D6 (BLOCK1)                         SPI_PAD_configure D6                               = 0 R/W (0b000000)
SPI_PAD_CONFIG_D7 (BLOCK1)                         SPI_PAD_configure D7                               = 0 R/W (0b000000)

Usb fuses:
DIS_USB (BLOCK0)                                   Set this bit to disable USB OTG function           = False R/- (0b0)
USB_EXCHG_PINS (BLOCK0)                            Set this bit to exchange USB D+ and D- pins        = False R/W (0b0)
USB_EXT_PHY_ENABLE (BLOCK0)                        Set this bit to enable external USB PHY            = False R/W (0b0)
USB_FORCE_NOPERSIST (BLOCK0)                       If set; forces USB BVALID to 1                     = False R/W (0b0)
DIS_USB_DOWNLOAD_MODE (BLOCK0)                     Set this bit to disable use of USB OTG in UART dow = False R/W (0b0)
                                                   nload boot mode

Vdd fuses:
VDD_SPI_XPD (BLOCK0)                               If VDD_SPI_FORCE is 1; this value determines if th = False R/W (0b0)
                                                   e VDD_SPI regulator is powered on
VDD_SPI_TIEH (BLOCK0)                              If VDD_SPI_FORCE is 1; determines VDD_SPI voltage
   = VDD_SPI connects to 1.8 V LDO R/W (0b0)
VDD_SPI_FORCE (BLOCK0)                             Set this bit to use XPD_VDD_PSI_REG and VDD_SPI_TI = False R/W (0b0)
                                                   EH to configure VDD_SPI LDO

Wdt fuses:
WDT_DELAY_SEL (BLOCK0)                             RTC watchdog timeout threshold; in unit of slow cl = 40000 R/W (0b00)
                                                   ock cycle

Flash voltage (VDD_SPI) determined by GPIO45 on reset (GPIO45=High: VDD_SPI pin is powered from internal 1.8V LDO
GPIO45=Low or NC: VDD_SPI pin is powered directly from VDD3P3_RTC_IO via resistor Rspi. Typically this voltage is 3.3 V).
PS D:\ESP-IDF\test\hello_world>
我无法查看到烧录进eFuse中的秘钥是否与我主机上的秘钥一样，我观察到第一次烧录秘钥时的提示信息中有一句Reversing byte order for AES-XTS hardware peripheral，不知此提示是否对秘钥有不一样的处理，并且ESP32-S2的技术参考手册中写道

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BLOCK1 ~ BLOCK10 均采用 RS 编码方式，因此参数烧写受到一定的限制，具体请参考章节 4.3.1.3：数据存储方式，和章节 4.3.2：软件烧写参数。
BLOCK0 使用 4 备份方式存储参数，即 BLOCK0 中的所有参数（除了 EFUSE_WR_DIS ）均在 eFuse 中存储了4 份。4 备份机制对软件不可见。
BLOCK1 ~ BLOCK10 使用 RS (44, 32) 编码方式，最多支持自动校正 5 个字节。本文 RS (44, 32) 使用的本源多项式为 p(x) = x^8 + x^4 + x^3 + x^2 + 1，产生校验码的移位寄存器电路如图 4-1 所示，其中 gf_mul_n（n 为一个整数）为 GF(28) 域中某一字节数据与元素 α^n 相乘的结果。
不知道这些是否会对我烧录进ESP32-S2中的秘钥造成影响，而且我的秘钥是自己编写的，并非是在主机上使用espsecure.py命令生成的随机秘钥。
请问这种情况下我该怎么处理？
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ESP_WangYX
Posts: 97
Joined: Mon Jun 28, 2021 12:48 pm

Re: 在使用ESP32-S2的flash加密功能时，预先烧录了主机上的秘钥，然后在主机上使用秘钥预先加密固件后再烧录进ESP32-S2无法运行

Postby ESP_WangYX » Fri Jan 26, 2024 5:18 am

Please try:
idf.py encrypted-flash monitor
Refer to: https://docs.espressif.com/projects/esp ... partitions
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Eltrion
Posts: 12
Joined: Wed May 17, 2023 12:07 pm

Re: 在使用ESP32-S2的flash加密功能时，预先烧录了主机上的秘钥，然后在主机上使用秘钥预先加密固件后再烧录进ESP32-S2无法运行

Postby Eltrion » Fri Jan 26, 2024 2:34 pm

ESP_WangYX wrote: ↑
Fri Jan 26, 2024 5:18 am
 Please try:
idf.py encrypted-flash monitor
Refer to: https://docs.espressif.com/projects/esp ... partitions
你好，我已经在工程配置中将加密模式设置为了发布模式，这种情况下该如何处理呢
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Eltrion
Posts: 12
Joined: Wed May 17, 2023 12:07 pm

Re: 在使用ESP32-S2的flash加密功能时，预先烧录了主机上的秘钥，然后在主机上使用秘钥预先加密固件后再烧录进ESP32-S2无法运行

Postby Eltrion » Mon Jan 29, 2024 2:38 am

已经解决，在使用espsecure.py时加上--aes_xts字段加密出来的密文可以正常使用
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