Character LCDs usually use a (clone of a) HD44780 controller. As you can see in the
datasheet (page 17/18), the characters they can display is quite limited, and it's not quite UTF8, more like a modified version of ASCII. If the character ROM of your display contains the non-latin characters you need, you can write a conversion routine that detects the non-latin characters in your input stream and converts them to the correct LCD character. Alternatively, you get 8 (or 16 in some clone chips) positions where you can define your own characters, so you can put whatever character you need there.
Alternatively: forget about that '80s character LCD nonsense and join the 21st century, we have real fancy colorful graphic LCDs now, and with things like LVGL you can have any character you want and with a much more colorful interface to boot!